WWI Photographs

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Australian Navy (RAN) submarines AE1 and AE2. AE2 later joined the British Fleet at the Dardanelles, Turkey, on 1915-04-25 and was sunk in the Sea of Marmora by the Turkish torpedo boat Sultan Hissar; technical problems contributed to the sinking. AE1 operated in the New Guinea area and was lost without trace on 1914-09-14. (Donor Sydney Mail)

Hans Baron von Wangenheim, German Ambassador to Turkey, in front of his lodge (Istanbul embassy on the Bosphorus)

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Liverpool, NSW. 1914. One of the main AIF training camps in the state. Bell tents similar to those used at Kensington camp.

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The 4th Battalion, AIF, training at Kensington, Sydney. C1915

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An AIF infantryman training at Kensington. C1916

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A march past of AIF troops along Macquarie Street. The name of the officer taking the salute is not known. There are about six motor vehicles and only one horse drawn carriage present.

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Soldiers of the AIF marching along crowded George Street. This photo is believed to be dated Australia Day 1916, but gives an indication of the size of crowd attending the AIF parade marches in Sydney. St Andrews Cathedral is visible, as is the Bank of NSW Building (now KFC, corner of Bathurst St).

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AIF troops marching along Macquarie Street on their way to embark on a troop transport for overseas duty. C1915

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AIF troops embarking for service overseas. Sydney 1914

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Prior to embarkation of the 1st Battalion AN&MEF, the ferry steamer Kulgoa, loaded with troops, leaves Fort Macquarie, Sydney for Cockatoo Island. 1914.

Goeben in Turkish waters, images scanned from “Secrets of the Bosphorous”, by Henry Morgenthau, p. 48.

Breslau in Turkish waters, image scanned from “Secrets of the Bosphorous”, by Henry Morgenthau, p. 49.

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At Sea. 9 November 1914." At 5.30 a.m. I woke and at 6 we altered course to turn to the Cocos Islands, fifty miles to our west. At 6 a.m. a message was received from Cocos reporting a strange warship. At 7 a.m. the HMAS Sydney left and by 9.30 a.m. reported she was engaging the enemy, who was making north. The Japanese battleship Ibuki, and HMAS Melbourne at once crossed over to get between us (HMT Orvieto) and the enemy. The Ibuki crossing." C E W Bean. HMAS Sydney had signalled in the early afternoon, "Emden beached and done for".

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At Sea. 9 November 1914. "The Japanese battleship Ibuki crossing over at full speed to put herself between us (HMT Orvieto) and the German raider SMS Emden, about 11 a.m." C E W Bean

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"The Emden ashore on North Keeling."(Album caption). From an album compiled by Mr CW Burnett, of the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company. The album documents the activities of the landing party from SMS Emden which raided the telegraph station on Direction Island; Emden's battle with HMAS Sydney and its subsequent fate.

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"On board the Emden."(Album caption). "EMDEN wreck view looking forward" (Original inscription). From an album compiled by Mr CW Burnett, of the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company. The album documents the activities of the landing party from SMS Emden which raided the telegraph station on Direction Island; Emden's battle with HMAS Sydney and its subsequent fate.

Winston Churchill, the Admiralty's First Lord with its First Sea Lord, Admiral Lord 'Jackie' Fisher at The Admiralty, London. Photo taken 1913. Reproduced facing page 34 in Fisher of Kilverstone, Lord (1959). Marder, Arthur J.. ed. Fear God and Dread Nought: The Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone: Restoration, Abdication and Last Years, 1914-1920. Volume III. London: Jonathan Cape.

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The Suez Canal seen from a transport that was part of the first convoy to leave Australia in early November 1914. The British expended considerable resources on defending this vital waterway.

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1st Convoy at Port Said, Suez Canal. December 1914

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Mena Camp in Egypt, February 1915

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Group portrait of E Company, 1st Battalion AIF, in front of the Sphinx and pyramids. 1915

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Group portrait of all the original officers and men of the 11th Battalion, 3rd Brigade, AIF. The group of over 685 soldiers are spread over the side of the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) near Mena camp. January 1915

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Informal portrait of 47 Private (Pte) Thomas Anderson Whyte (sitting left) and 159 Sergeant John Rutherford Gordon sitting on one of the large stones of the Great Pyramid at Giza. These two men were part of the AIF 10th Battalion, part of the covering force to land at Gallipoli early on 25 April 1915.

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A ruined building in Cairo's Wagh-el-Bukh district, the result of a riot by Australian and New Zealand servicemen in Egypt. The riot, known as the Battle of the Wazza was started in the brothel district. After four months of solid training and advice they would soon be going to the Front, only a quarter of men were granted leave around Good Friday of 1915. A build up of resentment over a variety of issues, including robberies, overpriced liquor, and the high incidence of venereal disease, resulted in the riot. AWM-P04411.03 The Ottoman minelayer Nusret (the help of God) – the most significant naval vessel in the Dardanelles campaign. Mines laid secretly by the Nusret in Erin Kevi Bay on the night of 7/8 March 1915 were responsible for the sinking of the French battleship Bouvet, the British battleships HMS Irresistible and HMS Ocean and seriously damaging the battlecruiser HMS Inflexible. The British and French attempt to “force” the Dardanelles had failed.

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Turkish gunners loading a 276kg shell into a Krupps L/35, 35.5cm (14 inch) calibre heavy gun, part of their interlocking defensive network of coastal artillery and mobile howitzer batteries on both sides of the Dardanelles.

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A Turkish artilleryman lifts a 258 kilogram shell singlehanded for loading in a cannon. Corporal Seyit (Seyit Onbasi) is famous for having carried three 275 kg shells to an artillery gun during the Allied attempt to force the Dardanelles on 18 March 1915. Born in a the village of Havran, he enlisted into the army in April 1909. After serving in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 he was transferred to the forts defending the Mediterranean entrance to the Dardanelles. Following the heavy naval bombardment of the forts guarding the Narrows on 18 March 1915, the gun he was serving in the Mecidiye fort remained operational but its shell crane had been damaged. Seyit carried three 275 kg artillery shells up to the gun enabling it to continue firing on the attacking Allied fleet. One of the shells reputedly hit the British pre-dreadnought HMS Ocean, although the ship was sunk by a mine laid by the minelayer Nusret. Following the repulse of the naval assault, Seyid was promoted to corporal and publicised as an iconic Turkish hero. He was discharged in 1918 and became a forester and later coal-miner. He took the surname Çabuk in 1934 with the passing of the Surname Law. He died of a lung disease in 1939. A statue of him carrying a shell was erected in 1992, just south of Kilitbahir Castle on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

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A Maurice Farman biplane, MF465, attached to Number 3 Squadron, Royal Naval Air Service, then based on the nearby island of Tenedos on a temporary airfield at Cape Helles. These planes were used to take the aerial photographs of the Gallipoli peninsula. Hugh Dolan's book: 'Gallipoli Air War. The Unknown Story for the Fight for the Skies over Gallipoli' (2013) records that a forward aerodrome was surveyed at Cape Helles. 'A flat stretch of earth was levelled ending at the Divisional Headquarters.... In the first week of May three shuttle flights brought spares, oil, fuel and ground crew to service two airframes based at this forward aerodrome. By 5 May it was a working forward base'. The location of the aerodrome proved unsuitable and the land was put to other uses from the end of June.

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CAIRO, EGYPT. 1916. A MAURICE FARMAN SHORTHORN AIRCRAFT OF NO. 2 SQUADRON, AUSTRALIAN FLYING CORPS, (AFC), CRASH LANDED ON THE SAND AT HELIOPOLIS.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 1915. The intrepid Commander C R Samson, standing beside a single seat Nieuport 10 aircraft with pistol in his hand about to start on one of his little excursions over the Turkish lines. Commander Samson commanded No. 3 Squadron, Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) Wing, based on Tenedos Island, which took part in the operations at the Dardanelles.

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The British submarine HMS E15 aground, damaged and abandoned on a shoal just off the Asiatic shore of the Dardanelles near Kepez Burnu, under the Ottoman guns of Fort Dardanus (Dardanos Bataryasi), with the Gallipoli Peninsula seen faintly in the background.

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A starboard side view of the British submarine HMS E15 aground, damaged and abandoned on the Asiatic shore of the Dardanelles near Kepez Burnu, under the Ottoman guns of Fort Dardanus, with the Gallipoli Peninsula in the background. The British submarine HMS E15 aground on a shoal off Kepez Burnu (Kepez Point), with the Gallipoli Peninsula seen in the background, and a number of Ottoman and German personnel inspecting the abandoned submarine. This photograph, P04411.002 and .008, were taken on 18 April 1915.

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An Ottoman officer standing on the conning tower of the abandoned British submarine HMS E15 with the Gallipoli Peninsula seen faintly in the background. This submarine was destroyed after being driven aground near Kepez Point in the Dardanelles on 17 April 1915. Shell damage on the conning tower inflicted by the Ottoman batteries of Fort Dardanus, (British designated Fort 8) is clearly evident and is also what likely killed the captain, Lieutenant Commander (Lt Cdr) T S Brodie. Five members of the crew were also killed from chlorine gas when sea water reacted with the submarine’s batteries. The surviving the crew abandoned the submarine and swam to the shore and surrendered.

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At Sea. 25 April 1915. Men of the 1st Australian Infantry Battalion transferring from the Minnewaska to the destroyer, Scourge, about 8 a.m. on the first day of the Gallipoli landings.

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A view looking aft of lifeboat carrying unidentified men of the Australian 1st Divisional Signal Company as they are towed towards Anzac Cove at 6 am on the day of the landing.

This image of a determined-looking Turkish boy soldier from the Turkish General Staff archives is included in "Gallipoli 1915" by Tim Travers (p. 107) and is the inspiration of the character Ali in Gallipoli Soup. He wears the usual green Turkish uniform, but is missing the belt and wearing non-regulation shoes.

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The Sphinx, a prominent landmark on the Gallipoli Peninsula; named after the Egyptian monument located near Mena Camp, where the Anzac forces trained before they were deployed to fight in the Gallipoli campaign. This rock formation is the inspiration for the concept of "Rock of Ages" in Gallipoli Soup, linked to the famous Christian Hymn of the same name.

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Members of Australian and Indian transport units moving along the beach at at Anzac Cove. There are several marquue type structures on the beach. Note the pathway shored up with timber, which travels across the slope of the hill behind the beach. Numerous dugouts can be glimpsed amidst the scrub on the hillside. The caption for this photo in Official History of the Australia in the War 1914-1918 War, Vol XII states that it shows the “1st Aust. Casualty Clearing Station (two tents and enclosure).” (plate 64) This photo is taken soon after the landing, dated prior to 6 May 1915.

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Portrait of Commander Mustafa Kemal Bey (Ataturk). This version of the photograph is of higher resolution than the AWM image.

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Roll call of D Company, 1st Battalion, on the morning of 30 April 1915. This company went into action with six officers - Major Blair Inskip Swannell, Captain Harold Jacobs, Lieutenant Fogden, Lieutenant Shout, Lieutenant Duchesne and Lieutenant Street and 213 other ranks. When reassembled on afternoon of Thursday, 29 April, the muster was one officer, Captain Jacobs, and 88 other ranks.

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Four unidentified men using a latrine high above the beach at Anzac Cove. Obviously dug to provide the users with the safest, best, and most practicable view, it faces the sea.

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Turkish soldiers in the trenches of the 125th Infantry Regiment (16th Division). (Copied from 'Gallipoli Bedeutung und Verlavf der Kaempfe (Kampfe) 1915' by Von Kannengiesser Pascha). The bearded, gowned man on right is an imam.

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Water-carrying was one of the most typical fatigues at Anzac, and this shows a party engaged on that work in Martyn's Lane.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 1915. Colonel Monash's Headquarters, 4th Australian Infantry Brigade, at Anzac. The officers, reading from left to right, are: Captain McGlynn, Lieutenant Colonel McGlinn, Colonel Monash, Unknown, Unknown, Captain Lock.

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The original grave of 387 Corporal Harold James Eggins, 5th Australian Light Horse Regiment. Light coloured pebbles from the beach have been collected and placed in the shape of a cross over the grave and an 18 pound shell has been placed in each corner. A plumber of Clarence River, NSW, he enlisted on 28 October 1914 and sailed with B Squadron aboard HMAT Persic on 21 December 1914. He was killed in action on 28 June 1915, aged 23, and is buried in Shell Green Cemetery, Gallipoli Peninsula.

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Plugge's Plateau, Pope's Hill, and Dead Man's Ridge, Gallipoli Peninsula, seen from the rear of the 1st Battalion's position.

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View of Courtney's Post (centre), taken from German Officers trench looking north, a Turkish telephone pole is in the centre on the edge of a cliff at Courtney's Post. The monument on sky line (centre) is on Russell's Top. Pope's Hill is directly below the monument. The bare space in the right centre is Deadman's Ridge between Pope's and Quinn's Posts, this position was held by the Turks and overlooked Monash Gully and is supposed to be the spot from where General Bridges was shot in May, 1915. The road seen in the centre foreground was made by the Turks after the evacuation. This is the left hand image in a two part panorama. See G01762P for the combined image. One of a series of photographs taken on the Gallipoli Peninsula under the direction of Captain C E W Bean of The Australian Historical Mission, during the months of February and March, 1919.

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Sergeant William John Baker looks through a periscope in the trenches at Gallipoli.

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Portrait of Ataturk, Kemal, originally Mustafa Kemal, sometimes called Mustafa Kemal Pasha whose zeal and dedication saved the Turkish position in the Dardanelles. After the Gallipoli campaign he went on to become the first president of the Republic of Turkey. A life-size statue of the men in this image has been constructed in the location where it is believed that this famous photograph was taken. This version of the photograph is of higher resolution than the AWM image.

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A general view of Shrapnel Gully from Dead Man's Ridge, conspicuous by the drain dug to protect the road to the front line posts. Photograph taken on the Gallipoli Peninsula under the direction of Captain C E W Bean of The Australian Historical Mission, during the months of February and March, 1919.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 24 May 1915. Australian burial parties burying Australian and Turkish dead at either Quinn's Post or Chessboard, during the temporary armistice. More than 3,000 Turks and approximately 160 Australians were killed in the Turkish attack on 19 May 1915. Approximately one million rounds of ammunition were fired during the one day attack. The stench from the dead was so unbearable that the Turks initiated a nine hour armistice so that both sides could recover and bury their dead. Note the stretcher in the foreground. Surgeon General Charles Ryan contravened the terms of the armistice by taking this photograph.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. Australian burial parties burying Australian and Turkish dead during the armistice. More than 3000 Turks and approximately 160 Australians were killed during the Turkish counter attack on 19 May 1915. Appoximately one million rounds of ammunition were fired during the one day attack. The stench from the dead was so unbearable that the Turks initiated a nine hour armistice so that both sides could recover and bury the dead.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. c May 1915. Officers and soldiers conferring in a trench reinforced with sandbags on one of the ridges at Gallipoli. Note the latrine set into an alcove in the wall of the trench.

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Turkish soldiers in a covered shelter at Kanle Sirt (Lone Pine). Copied from 'Gallipoli Bedeutung und Verlauf der Kaempfe (Kampfe) 1915' by Von Kannengiesser Pascha).

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Pioneers of the 1st Battalion working in Gun Lane on the Gallipoli Peninsula. They are making wooden latrines ('thunderboxes').

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. June 1915. Lieutenant Watson (right, with pipe in mouth) supervising the building of the pier at Anzac by men of 1st Division Signal Company. The pier came to be known as Watson's Pier.

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General Godley addressing the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade (to the left, not in view) in Reserve Gully. The officer in the officially issued cardigan jacket is Captain Anthony Herbert.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. c. 7 June 1915. At the beginning of June, 4th Australian Infantry Brigade, which had held Quinn's, Pope's and Courtney's for a month was relieved and taken into Reserve Gully. The Anzac troops were massed there and addressed by General Godley.

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Australian fatigue parties forming ledges or terraces to accommodate the newly arriving troops just prior to the great August offensive.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 1915. General William Riddell Birdwood outside his dugout at Anzac.

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General Sir William Riddell Birdwood's dugout on the Gallipoli Peninsula. A small sign at the entrance reads 'GOC' (General Officer Commanding). There are several other dugouts nearby, connected by flights of steps. Note the washing hung out to dry and the radio mast on the horizon, top right.

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A shell bursting in the very heart of Anzac Cove near Lieutenant General Birdwood's dugout and the pumping station facing the end of Watson's Pier. Steps to General Birdwood's dugout are visible in the bottom right of the image.

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Unidentified personnel at the advanced dressing station of the 1st Australian Field Ambulance on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Several men are standing in the entrance to a large dugout. A soldier in the foreground is smoking a cigarette; on the ground in front of him are two water containers. Image dated August 1915.

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A trench at Lone Pine after the battle, showing Australian and Turkish dead on the parapet. In the foreground standing is Major Leslie Morshead (later Lieutenant General Sir Leslie Morshead) of the 2nd Battalion and on his right (standing), is 527 Private James (Jim) B Bryant of Stawell, Vic. Private Bryant was previously identified as Private Angus Sutherland Allen, later (Captain Angus Sutherland Allen MC), who was killed in action on 21 July 1918 in France. Note the dead Turk’s boot is in tatters, providing an example of the poor state of Turkish uniforms.

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Two Australian signallers, Sergeant (Sgt) Johnson (on the telephone) and Sgt James (with a notebook) at an Australian Signal Station located in a trench. This station was on the Signal chain from 3rd Battalion to HMS Queen Elizabeth which provided covering fire for the advancing troops. Note the box marked "Explosive safety cartridges" in the foreground. (Donor Defence Information System Centre)

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Gallipoli, Turkey. 1915. Using a handcart or trolley with a roll of cable mounted on it, members of the 1st Australian Divisional Signal Company lay telephone lines at Anzac Cove.

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ANAFARTA, GALLIPOLI PENINSULA. C. 1915-08. THE COMMANDER MUSTAFA KEMAL BEY (ATATURK) (FOURTH FROM LEFT) WITH OFFICERS AND STAFF OF THE ANAFARTA GROUP, OF WHICH HE WAS GIVEN COMMAND 1915-08. FAR LEFT IS MAJOR IZZETTIN BEY. (DONOR: A. ARDA)

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A flat bottomed barge transporting wounded soldiers from Anzac Cove alongside the Hospital Ship Gascon.

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A wooden cradle for moving wounded men from the motor barge (below) to a hospital ship lying off Anzac Cove.

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Luna Park at Heliopolis, converted for use as an Australian Auxiliary Hospital, soon after the operations at Gallipoli commenced in 1915.

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HELIOPOLIS, EGYPT, 1915. THE INTERIOR OF NO. 1 AUSTRALIAN AUXILIARY HOSPITAL, FORMERLY THE LUNA PARK SKATING RINK. CASUALTIES FROM GALLIPOLI OCCUPY BEDS OF PALM-WOOD, KNOWN AS ANGERIBS.

Image of operating room from “Australian Army Medical Corps in Egypt 1914-1915” (1918) by James Barret and Persival Deane.

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Two Australian amputees standing in front of a tent in Egypt. The soldiers have both lost one of their legs, and are standing with the aid of crutches. C1915-1916.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 21 August 1915. Smoke may be seen rising from the burning scrub on the seaward slopes of Hill 60 and on Kaiajik Dere. These fires were started by bursting shells and some of the wounded were burnt. Hill 60 is in the centre of the image, between the two rising puffs of smoke.

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Kaiajik Aghala taken from near the head of the valley, showing the gully which the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade crossed. The sea is in the background. One of a series of photographs taken on the Gallipoli Peninsula under the direction of Captain C E W Bean of the Australian Historical Mission, during the months of February and March, 1919.

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Convalescent men dining at Luna Park, which was taken over by No 1 Australian General Hospital in April 1915.

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Patients on the piazza of No 1 Australian General Hospital, Heliopolis, Egypt, watching a hospital train drawing in to the siding near the hospital.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 13 November 1915. Group portrait of Brigadier General (Brig Gen) Johnson of New Zealand Field Artillery Brigade, Brig Gen Russell, Brig Gen Monash, Brig Gen Johnson of New Zealand Light Infantry, Brig Gen Stephenson and Brig Gen J. M. Antill of 3rd Australian Light Horse, waiting for Lord Kitchener. Photo taken by Charles Bean.

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Gallipoli, Turkey. 1915-11-13. British Army Minister Lord Kitchener surrounded by British and Australian Army soldiers at Anzac Cove.

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Sniper's Nest, the Turkish vantage point affording a view of North Beach. Ari Burnu (Anzac Cove) headland is visible in the background.

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Lord Kitchener in the trenches at Anzac, within thirty yards of the Turkish trenches. General William Riddell Birdwood standing on Kitchener's right. November 1915.

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Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey. 1915. Lord Kitchener and other Generals coming down from Walker's Ridge.

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Lord Kitchener's farewell salute after visiting Australian troops at Anzac, November 1915.

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GALLIPOLI. 1915. SOLDIERS RESTING ON THE FLOOR OF A TRENCH.

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Anzac. 1915. A trench scene at Gallipoli. (either Russell Hill or Walker's Ridge). The figure standing is Captain Henry Philip (Phil) Fry, a gallant and most popular officer of the 10th Australian Light Horse Regiment who was killed on 29 August 1915 in a successful bayonet charge on the Turkish trenches on Hill 60 where the 10th Light Horse Regiment gained special distinction by holding the captured trenches which had previously been recaptured twice by the Turks. Note the height of the trenches and the soldier sleeping in the trench. The sleeping soldier is using a helmet for his pillow. This is the usual sleeping place in the trenches. There is no such thing as a bed or a mattress.

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A delayed action device, commonly called a drip rifle, invented by Lance Corporal William Charles Scurry (later Captain W C Scurry MC DCM) of the 7th Battalion, AIF, for firing a rifle by means of weights operated through water escaping from one tin into another. A rifle could be left to operate 20 minutes after the device was set. December 1915.

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Five Turkish officers watch the allied ships withdrawing from the Gallipoli Peninsula. December 1915.

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HAREFIELD, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND, 1914-18. CRAFTSMEN AT WORK IN THE WORKSHOP WHERE THE ARTIFICIAL LIMBS FOR AMPUTEES WERE FASHIONED AT NO. 1 AUSTRALIAN AUXILIARY HOSPITAL.

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The Engineers' entry for the 'Anzac Day' at the sports at Serapeum, Suez Canal, Egypt. 25 April 1916.

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The 4th Australian Divisional sports on the Suez Canal at Serapeum, Egypt, on Anzac Day 1916. The officer second from the left aboard the ship is the Prince of Wales.